Humans have been using fire for hundreds of millennia, creating an ancestral expansion toward the nocturnal niche.The new adaptive challenges faced at night were recurrent enough to amplify existing psychological variation in our species.Night-time is dangerous and mysterious, so it selects for individuals with higher tendencies for paranoia, risk-
This paper describes a general model that subsumes many parametric models for continuous data.The model comprises hidden layers of state-space or dynamic causal models, arranged so that the output of one provides input to another.The ensuing hierarchy furnishes a model for many types of data, of arbitrary complexity.Special cases range from the gen
Although Stegosaurus is one of the most iconic dinosaurs, well-preserved fossils are rare and as a consequence there is still Personal Alarms much that remains unknown about the taxon.A new, exceptionally complete individual affords the opportunity to describe the anatomy of Stegosaurus in detail for the first time in over a century, and enables ad
Abstract Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause significant damage to crop production worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses.Conventional chemical nematicides are effective but frequently associated with environmental and health hazards.In response, biological control methods, particularly the use of microbial pesticides, have emerged as
Sonar signals recognition is an important task in detecting the presence of some significant objects under the sea.In military, sonar signals are used in lieu of visuals to navigate underwater and/or locate enemy submarines in proximity.In particular, classification algorithm in data mining has been applied in sonar signal recognition for recognizi